ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED IN DE MODE | WORLD
Article Published on: 30TH OCT 2024 | www.demodemagazine.com
Diwali, also known as the Festival of Lights, is one of the most celebrated festivals in India and across the world. It symbolizes the victory of light over darkness, good over evil, and knowledge over ignorance. The festival spans several days, with each day marked by unique customs, rituals, and events that vary across regions and religions. However, the central theme of Diwali remains a celebration of light and joy that brings families, communities, and people of all backgrounds together.
Origins and Significance
Diwali has both mythological and historical significance that adds to its richness. It is rooted in ancient Indian traditions and has evolved over millennia. The word "Diwali" is derived from the Sanskrit term Deepavali, which means "a row of lights." The festival is predominantly celebrated by Hindus, Sikhs, Jains, and Buddhists, each attributing its origins to various stories and events.
In Hinduism, Diwali is often associated with the return of Lord Rama to his kingdom Ayodhya after 14 years of exile and his victory over the demon king Ravana. To welcome him, the people of Ayodhya lit oil lamps along the streets and in their homes, symbolizing the triumph of good over evil. Similarly, Diwali also honors Goddess Lakshmi, the deity of wealth and prosperity, who is believed to visit her devotees' homes during the festival.
For Jains, Diwali marks the attainment of moksha (liberation from the cycle of birth and death) by Lord Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara. Sikhs celebrate Diwali as Bandi Chhor Divas, commemorating the release of Guru Hargobind from imprisonment by the Mughal Emperor Jahangir. Buddhists, particularly Newar Buddhists in Nepal, also observe Diwali as a time of reflection, thanksgiving, and prayer.
Diwali Celebrations Across India
Diwali is a five-day festival, with each day having its own rituals and significance. The first day, Dhanteras, is associated with wealth and prosperity. On this day, people purchase items, especially gold or silver, as it is considered auspicious. The second day, Naraka Chaturdashi or Choti Diwali, commemorates Lord Krishna’s victory over the demon Narakasura, symbolizing the defeat of darkness.
The third day, Lakshmi Puja, is the main day of Diwali when families gather to worship Goddess Lakshmi and Lord Ganesha for prosperity and wisdom. Homes and businesses are thoroughly cleaned, decorated with rangolis (colored patterns made on the floor), and illuminated with rows of oil lamps or diyas. This day is considered the height of Diwali celebrations, with fireworks, festive meals, and gift exchanges.
The fourth day, known as Govardhan Puja or Annakut, celebrates Lord Krishna’s lifting of Mount Govardhan to protect villagers from the wrath of Lord Indra. In some parts of India, it is also celebrated as the New Year. The fifth and final day, Bhai Dooj, celebrates the bond between brothers and sisters, akin to the festival of Raksha Bandhan.
Diwali’s Global Presence
Due to the Indian diaspora, Diwali is celebrated globally in countries like Nepal, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Malaysia, Mauritius, Fiji, Trinidad and Tobago, and Guyana. It has also gained recognition in countries like the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia, where communities come together to organize Diwali fairs, cultural programs, and public firework displays. Many governments and organizations host Diwali events to honor the cultural diversity brought by Indian communities, making it a multicultural celebration that resonates with people worldwide.
In the United Kingdom, for instance, Diwali is celebrated with great enthusiasm, especially in Leicester, where thousands gather each year to watch the lights, participate in fairs, and witness the spectacular firework display. Similarly, in the United States, many cities light up iconic landmarks for Diwali, and major organizations host celebrations to recognize the significance of the festival.
Symbolism of Light and Unity
The lighting of oil lamps or diyas is perhaps the most iconic symbol of Diwali. In ancient times, people used lamps to welcome home loved ones or illuminate paths in the absence of electric lights. Today, these lamps symbolize the inner light that protects individuals from spiritual darkness, ignorance, and despair. Lighting a lamp is believed to bring peace, harmony, and prosperity, warding off negative energies and fostering a positive environment.
Additionally, the concept of unity is integral to Diwali. Families gather to celebrate, offering prayers together, cooking festive meals, and decorating homes in unison. The festival encourages forgiveness, kindness, and gratitude, as people visit friends and neighbors, share sweets, and exchange gifts. The spirit of giving and sharing during Diwali transcends social and cultural divides, bringing together people of different backgrounds in mutual joy and understanding.
Modern Adaptations and Environmental Awareness
In recent years, Diwali has seen modernization in various forms. While traditional oil lamps are still widely used, electric lights and colorful lanterns are also common, adorning homes, streets, and public spaces. Another notable change is the shift from traditional firecrackers to more eco-friendly alternatives due to rising concerns about pollution.
The effects of firecrackers on air and noise pollution have led to campaigns advocating for a green Diwali. Many cities in India have adopted restrictions on the use of fireworks, encouraging people to celebrate in ways that are less harmful to the environment. Communities are increasingly opting for virtual fireworks, light shows, and eco-friendly decorations made from sustainable materials. This shift reflects a growing awareness and responsibility towards the environment and the health of society, making Diwali not only a time of celebration but also a time for mindful actions.
Food and Festive Treats
Diwali is also known for its delicious sweets and festive foods. Each region has its own delicacies prepared especially for the occasion, adding a culinary dimension to the celebrations. Common treats include laddoos, barfis, gulab jamun, jalebi, kachori, and samosas, among many others. People often prepare these sweets at home or purchase them from markets to share with family and friends. Gifting sweets is a time-honored tradition during Diwali, symbolizing the sweetness and goodwill that one wishes for loved ones in the coming year.
For many, preparing and sharing these treats is an act of love and a way to preserve traditional recipes passed down through generations. In recent years, healthier alternatives and fusion desserts have gained popularity, catering to modern tastes and dietary preferences while still honoring the essence of Diwali’s culinary traditions.
Diwali's Message of Hope and Renewal
Diwali holds profound spiritual significance, as it encourages introspection and renewal. It is a time to forgive past grievances, repair relationships, and look forward to the future with hope and optimism. This emphasis on personal growth and spiritual cleansing makes Diwali much more than a festival of lights—it is a celebration of life’s victories, small or big, and a reminder of the resilience of the human spirit.
The festival brings an opportunity to discard negative habits or thoughts and replace them with positive intentions. This aspect of Diwali resonates universally, as it reflects a common human desire for self-improvement, renewal, and the quest for happiness.
Conclusion
Diwali, with its vibrant lights, deep-rooted traditions, and joyous spirit, is a celebration that transcends cultural and geographical boundaries. The festival reminds people of the power of light to dispel darkness, the importance of unity in diversity, and the potential for renewal and hope in every heart. It serves as a reminder to embrace kindness, generosity, and gratitude, honoring both our past traditions and our future responsibilities. As Diwali grows in global recognition, it continues to inspire people worldwide, shining as a beacon of love, hope, and joy in an increasingly interconnected world.